國外(wai)劇院的建設，基(ji)本上是以(yi)政府投(tou)資(zi)為(wei)主，少(shao)數(shu)輔以(yi)民間資(zi)助。
歐洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)歌劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大多數是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)老劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，當(dang)(dang)地(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)對(dui)老劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造都有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)規定。如巴(ba)(ba)黎市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)規定，對(dui)巴(ba)(ba)黎歌劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)老劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要定期進(jin)行維(wei)修，每隔(ge)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)作一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)大修。因(yin)為(wei)歌劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)公益性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)項目，所以(yi)(yi)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)承擔。巴(ba)(ba)黎歌劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1865年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，經過(guo)幾次(ci)維(wei)修后，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)幾千萬(wan)(wan)美(mei)(mei)金(jin)對(dui)劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)包括(kuo)門廳(ting)等在內進(jin)行大修。巴(ba)(ba)士(shi)底獄歌劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)加(jia)拿大設(she)計師卡洛斯·奧特(te)先(xian)生(sheng)設(she)計、1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)歌劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)28億(yi)法郎，相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)4億(yi)美(mei)(mei)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)；洛杉機柯達劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)2萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觀(guan)眾座(zuo)位3500席(xi)，由(you)(you)(you)好萊塢(wu)市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)9400萬(wan)(wan)美(mei)(mei)金(jin)，2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)使用(yong)；美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)費城(cheng)克(ke)莫(mo)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)心，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)于(yu)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)2400座(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)樂廳(ting)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)600座(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)可變劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)25400平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，總(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)為(wei)2.7億(yi)元(yuan)美(mei)(mei)金(jin)，其中(zhong)(zhong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)2.4億(yi)元(yuan)美(mei)(mei)金(jin)，民間克(ke)莫(mo)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人捐贈3000萬(wan)(wan)美(mei)(mei)金(jin)，所以(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)克(ke)莫(mo)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)名字命名為(wei)克(ke)莫(mo)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)心；加(jia)拿大蒙特(te)利爾(er)(er)(er)(er)市圣地(di)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)心，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)心共有(you)大小5個(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，總(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)10億(yi)加(jia)元(yuan)，由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)全(quan)(quan)額(e)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)；日(ri)本滋(zi)賀縣立藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，有(you)大小3個(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，占地(di)2萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)2.9萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，總(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)（不包括(kuo)土地(di)）250億(yi)日(ri)元(yuan)，由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)全(quan)(quan)額(e)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)；韓國(guo)(guo)全(quan)(quan)州韓國(guo)(guo)之聲大劇(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)使用(yong)，總(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)2138億(yi)韓元(yuan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)舞臺(tai)設(she)備250億(yi)韓元(yuan)，全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)經費由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)。這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)全(quan)(quan)額(e)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)。第二(er)類是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)財團(tuan)或民間投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)。如拉(la)斯維(wei)加(jia)斯凱撒宮朱(zhu)白(bai)莉劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)凱撒宮朱(zhu)白(bai)莉酒(jiu)店(dian)為(wei)席(xi)琳·迪(di)翁簽約(yue)演(yan)出投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)；美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)鹽(yan)湖城(cheng)會議中(zhong)(zhong)心，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)2.1萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)觀(guan)眾席(xi)位的(de)(de)(de)會議中(zhong)(zhong)心兼超(chao)大型(xing)音(yin)(yin)樂廳(ting)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)900席(xi)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)出劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)，是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)摩門教教會出資(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)，1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)完工。這(zhe)些個(ge)(ge)(ge)人和團(tuan)體(ti)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)并(bing)不是(shi)太(tai)多，大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)劇(ju)場(chang)(chang)仍是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)。
國外劇院的經營(ying)管理模式(shi)是(shi)與建設投(tou)資(zi)主體聯(lian)系在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)的，基本上采取(qu)誰投(tou)資(zi)、誰經營(ying)、誰管理的原則。根據投(tou)資(zi)形式(shi)，大體上可分成政府管理制(zhi)、財團管理制(zhi)和(he)股(gu)份制(zhi)幾(ji)種形式(shi)，其中以政府管理制(zhi)為最多。
1、政府管理制(zhi)。所謂政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制就是指(zhi)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)直接組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)獨(du)資(zi)形式的(de)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)司，實(shi)施對(dui)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。德(de)國(guo)(guo)美因茲大(da)(da)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于100年(nian)前(qian)，1999年(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保留(liu)外(wai)殼不(bu)動的(de)前(qian)提下，對(dui)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行全(quan)面改(gai)造(zao)(zao)。僅舞(wu)臺(tai)設備和(he)(he)燈光、音(yin)響設備的(de)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)就用(yong)(yong)了3100萬馬克，所有(you)(you)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)部(bu)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)承(cheng)擔，其中(zhong)州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各承(cheng)擔50％，劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)包括3個(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團，共(gong)有(you)(you)演(yan)(yan)職員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)500人(ren)(ren)(ren)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)將劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組(zu)成為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)獨(du)資(zi)公(gong)(gong)司，公(gong)(gong)司建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)董(dong)事(shi)會，董(dong)事(shi)及高層管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)均由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門(men)派(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)班子中(zhong)設有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名總(zong)(zong)(zong)裁(cai)，負責劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)全(quan)面工(gong)作(zuo)，另(ling)外(wai)設有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名技術副總(zong)(zong)(zong)裁(cai)和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名財(cai)務副總(zong)(zong)(zong)裁(cai)。德(de)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)把劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)列為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)益性文(wen)化設施，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)盈利(li)為(wei)(wei)目的(de)，并認為(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)做到收(shou)(shou)(shou)支(zhi)平衡或(huo)產生盈利(li)是不(bu)可思(si)議的(de)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須多演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，而不(bu)必去考慮經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)。因為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投資(zi)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)目的(de)是提供廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)市民(min)以(yi)享受文(wen)化藝(yi)術的(de)權(quan)利(li)，因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)規定票價上要(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)眾(zhong)化，要(yao)(yao)(yao)使廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)市民(min)都能買得起(qi)戲票。該(gai)(gai)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)4000萬馬克，劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場通過演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)20％，80％的(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)，州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)50％。德(de)國(guo)(guo)德(de)紹劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于1938年(nian)，由(you)(you)(you)當(dang)時的(de)州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)共(gong)同出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，2001年(nian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投資(zi)3000萬馬克進行改(gai)造(zao)(zao)。該(gai)(gai)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)觀眾(zhong)座位1100席(xi)，包括劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團共(gong)390人(ren)(ren)(ren)。劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)類似國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)獨(du)資(zi)公(gong)(gong)司的(de)財(cai)團法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門(men)派(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)財(cai)團法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)代表，劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場設總(zong)(zong)(zong)監一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，技術副總(zong)(zong)(zong)監和(he)(he)財(cai)務若干(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，實(shi)施劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場的(de)日常(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。該(gai)(gai)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場的(de)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)票價一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)5—16歐元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)張左右(you)。劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)總(zong)(zong)(zong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)約(yue)(yue)2800萬—3000萬馬克，演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)8—12％，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)90％，補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)由(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各承(cheng)擔50％。德(de)國(guo)(guo)萊比錫歌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設有(you)(you)觀眾(zhong)座位1400席(xi)，劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)派(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成立(li)(li)董(dong)事(shi)會，設有(you)(you)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場總(zong)(zong)(zong)監，3個(ge)(ge)(ge)技術主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，所有(you)(you)職員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)享受如(ru)公(gong)(gong)務員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)待遇(yu)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)給(gei)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)下達經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟指(zhi)標，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)必須經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，日常(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)撥款(kuan)。法(fa)(fa)國(guo)(guo)巴黎歌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)巴士底獄歌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)整體(ti)進行管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門(men)派(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)技術副總(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)日常(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營運作(zuo)中(zhong)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)給(gei)予一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)保障。兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)開支(zhi)大(da)(da)約(yue)(yue)9000萬法(fa)(fa)郎(lang)(lang)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)每年(nian)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)65％，約(yue)(yue)6000萬法(fa)(fa)郎(lang)(lang)，自營收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)3000萬法(fa)(fa)郎(lang)(lang)。加拿大(da)(da)蒙(meng)特利(li)爾市圣(sheng)地(di)藝(yi)術中(zhong)心，建(jian)(jian)(jian)于1982年(nian)，藝(yi)術中(zhong)心設有(you)(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場，共(gong)有(you)(you)觀眾(zhong)座位總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)6390席(xi)。藝(yi)術中(zhong)心的(de)業(ye)主(zhu)為(wei)(wei)蒙(meng)特利(li)爾市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。中(zhong)心不(bu)設獨(du)立(li)(li)的(de)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)，也(ye)沒有(you)(you)成立(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)司，而是由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)招聘一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些專業(ye)技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)團體(ti)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)對(dui)藝(yi)術中(zhong)心進行管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)每年(nian)撥款(kuan)1500萬加元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)于藝(yi)術中(zhong)心的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)和(he)(he)日常(chang)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)開支(zhi)。圣(sheng)地(di)藝(yi)術中(zhong)心的(de)票價在(zai)(zai)(zai)25—150加元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之間。在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制中(zhong)，還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)形式就是采取收(shou)(shou)(shou)支(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)條線的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)。例如(ru)維(wei)也(ye)納國(guo)(guo)家劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)派(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)財(cai)務人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)歌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)獨(du)立(li)(li)的(de)票務管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)。所有(you)(you)票款(kuan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)扣除成本費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)外(wai)全(quan)部(bu)上交政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)所需費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)全(quan)額撥款(kuan)。
2、財團管理制。財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)就是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)將(jiang)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院建(jian)成一(yi)個財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)法人(ren)機構進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。如日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)濱松藝術(shu)(shu)城(cheng)(cheng)設(she)有(you)(you)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)、會議、展示等功(gong)能(neng)，分別由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)民間(jian)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)共同投(tou)(tou)資(zi)建(jian)設(she)。藝術(shu)(shu)城(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)成后(hou)，由(you)(you)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)組建(jian)成有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。藝術(shu)(shu)城(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經營(ying)收(shou)入(ru)7億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan)，運(yun)(yun)營(ying)費(fei)(fei)用19億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan)，收(shou)支(zhi)差額12億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan)，差額部(bu)分分別由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)按比例(li)撥款(kuan)補(bu)貼。日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)東京(jing)新國立(li)(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)，有(you)(you)大小三個演(yan)(yan)出(chu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)，大劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)1800座(zuo)(zuo)，中劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)1000座(zuo)(zuo)，小劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)440座(zuo)(zuo)。新國立(li)(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)建(jian)造，建(jian)成后(hou)成立(li)(li)(li)了(le)新國立(li)(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)作為(wei)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)的(de)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)法人(ren)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)滋賀縣琵琶湖藝術(shu)(shu)中心(xin)(xin)，建(jian)設(she)資(zi)金(jin)250億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan)，由(you)(you)縣政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)全額投(tou)(tou)資(zi)，1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)成立(li)(li)(li)籌建(jian)機構，1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)先于(yu)(yu)藝術(shu)(shu)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)成之前(qian)(qian)就正(zheng)式組建(jian)了(le)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機構——財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)法人(ren)，1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月藝術(shu)(shu)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)成對外開放。目前(qian)(qian)經營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)由(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司(si)——財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)法人(ren)負責。藝術(shu)(shu)中心(xin)(xin)的(de)平均使用率在60％—70％之間(jian)，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經營(ying)收(shou)入(ru)2—3億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)費(fei)(fei)用開支(zhi)約(yue)18億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan)，差額部(bu)分由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)補(bu)貼給管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司(si)。洛(luo)杉磯柯(ke)達(da)(da)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)的(de)建(jian)設(she)資(zi)金(jin)由(you)(you)好(hao)萊塢(wu)市政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)，建(jian)成后(hou)交(jiao)給柯(ke)達(da)(da)公(gong)司(si)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，由(you)(you)柯(ke)達(da)(da)公(gong)司(si)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)資(zi)助劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)一(yi)定的(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)常(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)經費(fei)(fei)（資(zi)助經費(fei)(fei)屬商業機密，不肯告知），柯(ke)達(da)(da)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)主要(yao)用于(yu)(yu)電視轉播用。據介紹門(men)票(piao)比較好(hao)賣，上座(zuo)(zuo)率也比較高，票(piao)價一(yi)般在200—300美金(jin)一(yi)張，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)約(yue)200場(chang)左右，加上柯(ke)達(da)(da)公(gong)司(si)資(zi)助，基本(ben)上能(neng)達(da)(da)到收(shou)支(zhi)平衡。
3、股(gu)份制。這種管理(li)模式(shi)的(de)劇(ju)場不(bu)是很多。其中意(yi)大利米蘭(lan)斯卡拉大劇(ju)院(yuan)，該劇(ju)院(yuan)實行(xing)公司制(zhi)形式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)經營管理(li)，把劇(ju)場股(gu)(gu)份制(zhi)分(fen)(fen)成國家股(gu)(gu)和(he)私(si)人股(gu)(gu)，國家股(gu)(gu)占(zhan)50％，私(si)人股(gu)(gu)占(zhan)50％。收支相抵后的(de)差(cha)額部分(fen)(fen)，按比(bi)率(lv)分(fen)(fen)別由政府和(he)私(si)人予以補貼和(he)資助。 |
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